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Thalamic stroke is associated with neurological and cognitive sequelae. Resulting neuropsychological deficits vary with the vascular territory involved. Whereas sensory, motor and memory deficits following thalamic stroke are comparatively well characterized, the exact relationship between executive dysfunction and thalamic damage remains more ambiguous.To assess the pattern of executive-cognitive...
The role of the left planum temporale (PT) in auditory language processing has been a central theme in cognitive neuroscience since the first descriptions of its leftward neuroanatomical asymmetry. While it is clear that PT contributes to auditory language processing there is still some uncertainty about its role in spoken language production.Here we examine activation patterns of the PT for speech...
We describe the case of girl who was born prematurely and diagnosed periventricular leukomalacia, a condition characterized by severe injury to the white matter tracts primarily surrounding the ventricles. At 12 years of age, we obtained diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on this child as part of a research protocol. Multiple analyses of DTI data, including tractography, showed that the left and...
Language and action systems of the human brain are functionally interwoven. Speaking about actions and understanding action-related speech sparks the motor system of the human brain and, conversely, motor system activation has an influence on the comprehension of action words and sentences. Although previous research has shown that motor systems become active when we understand language, a major question...
While the heterogeneity of developmental dyscalculia is increasingly recognized, the different profiles have not yet been clearly established. Among the features underpinning types of developmental dyscalculia suggested in the literature, an impairment in arithmetic fact retrieval is particularly prominent. In this paper, we present a case study of an adult woman (DB) with very good cognitive capacities...
Recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that visual inputs arising beyond the fovea can be ‘fed back’ to foveal visual cortex to construct a new retinotopic representation. However, whether these representations are critical for extra-foveal perception remains unclear. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation we found that relatively late (350–400 msec) disruption of foveal retinotopic cortex impaired...
Studying the characteristics of movements performed under different action conditions may foster the understanding of disturbed tool use in apraxia and may enhance the knowledge about the links between states of action representations.We registered hand and arm movements during a hammering action executed under three task conditions: pantomime, demonstration with the hammer only, and actual execution...
Destination memory refers to remembering the destination of information that people output. This present paper establishes a new distinction between external and internal processes within this memory system for both normal aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Young adults, older adults, and mild AD patients were asked either to tell facts (i.e., external destination memory condition) or to imagine...
Faces have both shape and skin texture, but the relative importance of the two in face representations is unclear. Our goals were first, to determine the contribution of shape versus texture to aftereffects for facial age and identity and second, to assess whether adaptation transferred between shape and texture, suggesting integration in a single representation. In our first experiment we examined...
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether spontaneous functional recovery following insult to the language-dominant hemisphere continues in the so-called “chronic stage,” and if so, to examine its neuro-functional correlates. We used a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) block design, where each young patient served as his/her own control. Specifically, we examined...
Sleep slow wave activity (SWA, EEG power between 1 and 4.5 Hz) is a major characteristic of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which seems to be critically involved in cortical plasticity. Studies using high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) showed that the topographical distribution of SWA mirrors cortical maturation, expressing a local maximum that is characteristic for a certain age range...
We determined the neural correlates of word generation and tool use pantomiming in healthy subjects with typical (n=10) or atypical (n=10) language dominance to investigate similarities in response pattern and hemispheric specialization between language and praxis. All typical language dominant volunteers also revealed left hemisphere changes during tool use pantomiming in prefrontal, premotor, and...
Recent neuropsychological studies show substantial cognitive deficits in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Schizophrenia (SC) overlaps in terms of neurobehavioural symptoms with FTD. Probabilistic association learning, which is thought to assay fronto-striatal function, is well documented to elicit impairment in SC and has not been investigated in FTD to date; this study compared FTD, SC...
Von Economo neurons (VENs) are projection neurons located in layer V of the anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortex that are increasingly attracting the interest of the scientific community as many studies point to their involvement in neuropsychiatric conditions. In this review we provide a critical appraisal of both historic and recent literature on VENs that highlights the importance of clinicopathological...
Classically, disorders associated with ‘alcohol-related brain damage’ (ARBD) occur as a result of chronic excessive alcohol misuse and confer significant physical and psychological disability to the individual as well as to the community. These phenotypes are often difficult to detect at early stages and therefore early intervention and treatment is limited. It remains unresolved as to whether there...
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